RAPE Patricia D. Roz‚e-Koker. 1987. Cross-Cultural Codes on Seven Types of Rape Behavior Science Research 21: 101-117. STDS59.DAT Variables 1179-1187 use the following definitions, designed to clarify instances of rape that would be "hidden" by Western or male-oriented definitions of rape. By these definitions, all of the societies in the sample coded had one or more types of rape - Rape: Genital contact that is unchosen by the woman, as indicated by one or more of (a) statement that female is given no choice in the matter, (b) use or threat of force or coercion, (c) presence of multiple males with one (or few) females, (d) contact is described as physically painful, or would be thought to be so, or when the contact has consequences which would indicate painfulcontact, such as loss of consciousness or death, (e) when nonparticipation would result in some form of punishment or other negative outcomes . = Missing data or genital contact by uncertain as to whether the female lacked choice, or no description of one or more of the following: sex offenses, sexual deviance, sexuality, marital relations, and ceremonies 0 = Absent if lack of choice but no genital contact, or contact that is chosen or consented to by the female. Inferred if unchosen genital contact is not mentioned but there is a description of sex offenses, sexual deviance, sexuality, marital relations and ceremonies 1 = Present if (1) a female experiences genital contact (includes buttocks) from a male using penis, fingers, or objects, and (2) such contact involves a lack of choice on the part of the female 1179. Non-Normative Rape: Unchosen Genital Contact, Socially Disapproved 160 . = Missing data, including cases where rape is present but it is uncertain whether there is any non-normative rape 4 0 = Absent: if rape is present, it is always normative (approved, not considered illegal, immoral or deviant, and offenders go unpunished) 22 1 = Present: some rapes are (a) publically disapproved, or (b) * the genital contact is considered illegal, immoral, or * deviant, or (c) offenders are punished 1180. Normative Rape: Unchosen Genital Contact, Socially Approved 151 . = Missing data 1 0 = Absent: if rape is present, it is always non-normative (disapproved, considered illegal, immoral and deviant, and offenders are punished 34 1 = Present: some rapes are (a) publically approved, or (b) * the genital contact is considered legal, moral, or non- * deviant, or (a) offenders go unpunished 1181. Marital (Normative) Rape 169 . = Missing data: no description of marriage rituals and subsequent sexual relations within marriage 3 0 = Absent: description of marriage rituals and subsequent sexual relations within marriage, but marital rape not mentioned 14 1 = Present: unchosen genital contact at consummation or * subsequently (excludes virginity tests) 1182. Exchange (Normative) Rape 152 . = Missing data: no accounts of social practices 9 0 = Absent: accounts of social practices, but no exchange rape 25 1 = Present: males use genital contact [unchosen by female] as * a bargaining tool as in woman-exchange, woman-sharing, * woman-loaning, women as stakes in gaming, or trading * female genital contact for money, services of another * woman, or as a conciliatory gift 1183. Punitive (Normative) Rape 153 . = Missing data: no accounts of social practices 10 0 = Absent: accounts of social practices, but no punitive rape 23 1 = Present: unchosen genital contact the vehicle by which a * woman is punished or disciplined for (a) going against * male authority, or (b) breaking social rules, or (c) * scorning or rejecting a male who has "rightful" access to * her, or for any other discernible discliplinary purpose. * Includes situations where a husband punishes his wife by * sending her to the men's house to be "common property" to * all males therein, either permanently or temporarily 1184. Theft (Normative) Rape 158 . = Missing data: no accounts of social practices 12 0 = Absent: accounts of social practices, but no theft rape 16 1 = Present: either (a) women involuntarily abducted from * their places of residence to be used primarily or * secondarily as sexual (or reproductive) objects, as in * capture of women a slaves, prostitutes, or concubines, or * "spoils of war," wife-or woman stealing, marriage * commissions, adbudctions and raiding for wives, or (b) * unchosen genital contact accomplished by stealth, as in * sleepcrawling or nightcrawling. 1185. Ceremonial (Normative) Rape 153 . = Missing data: no accounts of ceremonial practices 27 0 = Absent: accounts of ceremonial practices, but no * ceremonial rape 6 1 = Present: unchosen genital contact in ceremonies such as * (a) defloration rituals (includes virginity tests), (b) * manhood rituals require a male to gain sexual experience, * even if the female is unwilling, (c) sexual intercourse as * part of the ceremony where females are expected to * participate as a matter of course, willing or not 1186. Status (Normative) Rape 151 . = Missing data: not applicable, since coded present or * absent from the "unclassifiable" category 24 0 = Absent: if not originally coded as "unclassifiable" 11 1 = Present: unchosen genital contact as a result of acknow- * ledged differences in status between the individuals in- * volved, such as a master and slave, chief and clanswoman, * nobleman and commoner, or priest and parishioner 1187. Unclassifiable Normative Rape 151 . = Missing data: not applicable, since coded present or 28 0 = Absent: if all instances of normative rape classified 7 1 = Present: some instances of normative rape unclassified