SUBSISTENCE CHANGE. New Codes 

    Candice Bradley, Carmella C. Moore, Michael L. Burton, Douglas R. White. 
    1990. Subsistence, Resilience and Change: A Cross-Cultural Historical 
    Study. American Anthropologist 92: 105-115. 
    
      STDS49.DAT Variables 1072 - 1085
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    These codes are published with the intent of eliciting comments on their 
    accuracy for the 87 societies coded.  Two codes (1084-1085) are currently
    under revision.

    These codes were derived in part from the the original world systems 
    linkages codebook prepared by Burton, White and Bradley. Coding on the 
    original codebook was done principally by Bradley with assistance from 
    Moore, with Michael Winkelman coding several societies, and Burton and 
    White checking codes and coding several societies.  Moore and Bradley 
    developed the separate codebook dealing exclusively with subsistence 
    change, and rated sample societies on the extended set of codes.  The 
    coding was supported by NSF grants BNS-8304782 and BNS-8507685. 
    
    Parts of the codes and annotated information on the extent of change and 
    loss of subsistence modes, agriculture, animals, settlement patterns, wage 
    labor, trade, currency, and markets were derived from:

    White, Douglas R., Michael L. Burton, and Candice Bradley. n.d.  Codes on 
    Labor, Trade, Markets, and Political Incorporation.  World Systems Coding 
    Project, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Irvine. 

    
1072.  Date of Observation

     99    . = Missing data

1073.  Change in 100 years prior to observation

     99    . = Missing data
     14    0 = No change
     73    1 = Change as result of world-system contact
      0    2 = Change, but not result of world-system contact
       
1074.  Extent of Change in Subsistence or Supportive System
       
     99    . = Missing data
     14    0 = No change
     65    1 = Partial
      6    2 = Total Change in subsistence system
      2    3 = Total Change: anihilation
       
1075.  Agricultural Intensification: Increase in inputs without increasing
       Land area of Food Production
       
    100    . = Missing data
     57    0 = No change/Not applicable
     29    1 = Change in intensification
       
1076.  Non-agricultural Intensification
       
    101    . = Missing data
     71    0 = No change/Not applicable
     14    1 = Change in intensification
       
1077.  New Crops
       
    101    . = Missing data
     62    0 = No
     23    1 = Yes
       
1078.  New Animals 
       
    101    . = Missing data
     70    0 = No
     15    1 = Yes
       
1079.  Change in Settlement Patterns
       
    101    . = Missing data
     67    0 = No change/Not applicable
     18    1 = Change in settlement patterns
       
1080.  Expansion of Land utilized in Subsistence or Supportive Practices
       
    105    . = Missing data
     64    0 = No change/Not applicable
     17    1 = Change in expansion
       
1081.  Major Loss of Subsistence Mode
       
     99    . = Missing data
     60    0 = No change/Not applicable
     27    1 = Major loss
       
1082.  Wage Labor Introduced
       
    101    . = Missing data
     58    0 = No
     27    1 = Yes
       
1083.  Wage Labor Increased
       
    100    . = Missing data
     64    0 = No
     22    1 = Yes
       
1084.  Introduction of Trade 
       
    101    . = Missing data
     63    0 = No
     22    1 = Yes
       
1085.  Trade Increased
       
    100    . = Missing data
     53    0 = No
     33    1 = Yes

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