SLAVERY AND SOCIAL DEATH Orlando Patterson. 1982. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. STDS41.DAT Vars. 917 - 920 These data are edited and reprinted with permissions of the author and publisher. (c) Harvard University Press. Definitions: Patterson defines slaveholding as "permanent dominant violation of natally alienated and generally dishonored persons." This excludes non-hereditary slavery, and thus does not include what Murdock (1967: 166) classifies as incipient slavery. His focus is on slaveholding societies, and excludes societies largely composed of former slaves. 917. Historical frame for pinpointing date where slaveholding present 1 . = Missing data 119 -1 = No slaveholding 1 0 = 1750 BC 1 1 = 620 BC 1 2 = Early 100s 1 3 = 1292 1 4 = Early 1500s 1 5 = Mid 1500s 1 6 = 1600-1650 1 7 = Mid 1700s 1 8 = Late 1700s 1 9 = 1780-1820 2 10 = Early 1800s 1 11 = 1800-1910 1 12 = 1850-1950 2 13 = 1800s 4 14 = Mid 1800s 15 15 = Late 1800s 7 16 = Late 1800s - Early 1900s 1 17 = Late 1800s - 1910 2 18 = Late 1800s - 1930s 10 19 = Early 1900s 4 20 = 1900 - 1920s 5 21 = 1900 - 1930s 3 22 = 1900 - 1940s For the most part these are historical periods in which slaveholding is present by Patterson's definition, and they contain the standard sample pinpointing date. However, Patterson is careful about his dates and his selective use of discrepancies from the standard sample temporal pinpointing should be carefully noted. In the following cases, judging from those with large scale slaveholding, Patterson shifts to an earlier date when the slave system was operative or recently ceased. The focal period for the presence of slaveholding in these cases is usually fifty years (in one case 100 years, in another 200) prior to the standard sample focal date. Largescale STDS Patterson Slaveholding Foci Foci Era 20 Mende 1945 Early 1900s Late 19th C. 21 Wolof 1950 Late 1800s-early 1900s 1300-1900 25 Wodaabe Fulani 1951 Late 1800s-early 1900s 1750-1900 27 Massa 1910 Late 1800s 1600-1800s 30 Otoro Nuba 1930 Late 1800s-early 1900s None 40 Teda 1950 Early 1900's None 85 Iban 1950 Early 1900's None 112 Ifugao 1910 Early 1800's None 116 Koreans 1947 Late 1800s 660-1700s 159 Goajiro 1947 Early 1900's None However, in the following cases with large scale slaveholding at an earlier date the pinpointing focus was not shifted, apparently because the Standard Sample focal groups were not slaveholders but formed either part of the slave population, or were peripheral to the slaveholding system: Largescale STDS Patterson Slaveholding Foci Foci Era 17 Ibo 1935 1900-1935 18th & 19th C's 22 Bambara 1902 1800-1910 1464-1720 24 Songhai 1940 1464-1720 26 Hausa 1900 late 1800s-early 1900s 1600-1800 165 Saramacca 1928 1790-1862 The only other date discrepancy is for following: 38 Bogo 1855 Early 1900's No data Entries for slaveholding should be considered for the following: 37 Amhara 1953 "Traditional" Yes 918. Manumission of slaves 1 . = Missing Data 18 1 = Infrequent 10 2 = Not common 21 3 = Frequent 17 4 = No data on rates of manumission, but hereditary slaveholding is present by Patterson's definition 7 5 = Hereditary slaveholding not present by Patterson's definition, although present by Murdock's definition 5 6 = Hereditary slaveholding not present by Patterson's definition, although slavery present by Murdock's definition, unascertained as to whether hereditary 8 7 = Hereditary slaveholding not present by Patterson's definition, although nonhereditary slavery present (e.g., slaves captured in warfare but not inherited) by Murdock's definition. 97 8 = Slavery not present by either definition 2 9 = Slavery not present by either definition, although the societies are largely composed of former slaves. 919. Large scale slaveholding systems: recency - . = Missing Data 168 0 = Not present 6 1 = Present at or immediate prior to pinpointing date 6 2 = Present within past fifty years 3 3 = Present within past one hundred yesrs 2 4 = Present within past two hundred years 1 5 = Present within past three hundred years 920. Large scale slaveholding systems: proportion of slaves - . = Missing Data 168 0 = Not present 5 1 = 1/6 to 1/3 of society, sometimes more 6 2 = 1/3 or more 5 2 = more than 40 percent 1 2 = more than 50 percent 1 2 = more than 80 percent